Political Glossary

Civil Rights

The rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality. Includes protections for voting rights, equal treatment under law, and freedom from discrimination.

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Coalition Building

The process of forming alliances between different political groups or interests to achieve common goals or increase political influence.

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Constitutional Originalism

A legal philosophy that interprets the Constitution as it was understood at the time it was ratified, emphasizing the original meaning and intent of the framers.

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Electoral College

The system used to elect the U.S. President, where states are allocated electoral votes based on their congressional representation. A candidate needs 270 electoral votes to win.

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Federalism

A system of government where power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units (states). Defines the relationship between federal and state governments.

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Fiscal Conservatism

A political-economic philosophy advocating for lower taxes, reduced government spending, minimal debt, and free market policies.

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Grassroots Activism

Political action that originates from ordinary people at the local level, rather than being orchestrated by traditional power structures or political organizations.

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Economic Nationalism

Policies that emphasize domestic control of the economy, labor, and capital formation, often through protectionist policies or restrictions on foreign ownership.

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Nonviolent Resistance

A strategy for social change that rejects the use of violence, instead using methods such as civil disobedience, boycotts, strikes, and peaceful protests.

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Political Polarization

The divergence of political attitudes away from the center toward ideological extremes, often resulting in increased partisan division and decreased political compromise.

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Populist Movement

Political movements that appeal to ordinary people who feel their concerns are disregarded by established elite groups. Can emerge from either left-wing or right-wing ideologies.

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Progressive Movement

Political philosophy advocating for social reform, economic regulation, environmental protection, and expansion of democratic processes. Emphasizes government action to address social and economic inequalities.

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Protectionism

Economic policy that restricts international trade through tariffs, quotas, and other regulations to protect domestic industries from foreign competition.

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Political Realignment

A dramatic change in the political system characterized by a durable new pattern of voting behavior, party coalitions, or policy regime. Often follows significant historical events or social changes.

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Social Conservatism

Political ideology that emphasizes traditional values, religious beliefs, and established social institutions. Often focuses on issues of family, morality, and cultural stability.

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Social Justice

The concept of fair and just relations between the individual and society, often focusing on the distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges within a society.

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States' Rights

Political position that emphasizes the rights and powers retained by state governments rather than the federal government, based on the 10th Amendment to the Constitution.

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This glossary is regularly updated to reflect current political terminology and movements. Terms are defined based on their common usage in American political discourse.